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Date: Fri, 09 Mar 2001 09:00:27 -0500
From: Philip Cantino <cantino@ohiou.edu>
To: PhyloCode@ouvaxa.cats.ohiou.edu
Subject: Fwd: Re: GALTONIA THE FLOWER
>On Mon, 5 Mar 2001, Mickey_Mortimer wrote: > > > This is a bit off-topic, but if a plant and animal can have the same name, > > what about other organisms? Where does the definition of "animal" and > > "plant" stop when it comes to nomenclature? Could you >hypothetically name a > > chondrocyte the same thing as a demosponge? And what about fungi, > > eubacteria, archaea and viruses, not to mention the many unicellular > > eukaryotes? > T. Michael Keesey wrote: >So far as I know, the only codes governing organismal nomenclature are the >ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature), the ICBN >(International Code of Botanical Nomenclature), and the Bacteriological >Code (International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria). I know these govern >*at least* Animalia, Fungi + Plantae, and non-eukaryotan Biota, >respectively (and probably more). That's a good question -- who governs >organisms which don't fall in these categories? > >Trying to remember if PhyloCode (which is supposed to govern all Biota) >covers the issue of duplicate names.... The ICZN not only covers Animalia but also protistan groups that at one time were classified as animals (protozoa). Similarly, the ICBN covers an assortment of protistan groups that at one time were classified as plants (e.g., algae, slime molds, Oomycetes) as well as Cyanobacteria. There is also the Intenational Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTV/rules.html]. The PhyloCode does not specifically address duplicate names under different preexisting codes (except by example--see Note 13.2.3, Example 1), but it treats these names the same way it treats any other kind of homonym. Article 13.3 reads: If a name has been established for two or more different taxa, the only taxon for which it is an acceptable name is the taxon to which it was applied earliest, except in cases of conservation. A later homonym, unless conserved, is not an acceptable name of any taxon." ["Established" and "applied" refer to establishment under the PhyloCode, not under the ICBN, ICZN, etc.] For example, Prunella is currently the name of both a genus of birds (ICZN) and a genus of plants (ICBN). If this name were adopted under the PhyloCode for a clade of birds, and someone subsequently wanted to name a clade under the PhyloCode corresponding to the plant genus Prunella, it would have to be named something else. One might want to choose a name like Phytoprunella under the PhyloCode to retain a reference to its name under the ICBN, but if someone named the plant clade Prunella under the PhyloCode, he/she would have created a homonym, and the earlier homonym (the bird clade Prunella) would have precedence over the later one. Phil Philip D. Cantino Professor and Chair Department of Environmental and Plant Biology Ohio University Athens, OH 45701-2979 U.S.A. Phone: (740) 593-1128; 593-1126 Fax: (740) 593-1130 e-mail: cantino@ohio.edu