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Date: Fri, 11 May 2001 21:45:11 -0600 (MDT)
From: kinman@usa.net
To: phylocode@ouvaxa.cats.ohiou.edu
Subject: Re: [Making Up Names _versus_ Emending Names
David,
There were already emended alternate spellings in the literature for=
the
groups you mention, Echiura, Sipuncula, Annelidia, Gnathostomula. Echiur=
a is
a perfect example of how emended names should be assigned to the original=
author:
Echiura Sedgwick 1898 orth. emend. Stephen 1965.
It is still credited to Sedgwick even though Stephen emended the en=
ding
in 1965. It and Pogonophora are probably just subclades of Phylum Annel=
idia
anyway. And Gnathostomula is not a separate phylum either----it's relate=
d to
Gastrotrichea, Rotiferea, and Acanthocephalea (which are also often
erroneously regarded as separate phyla). There are far too many phyla
floating around, and it just obscures their relationships.
Catenulida is an Order, within Class Turbellarea (Phylum Platyhelmin=
tha).
Halkieriida is an Order in Class Machaeridea. Order Tullimonstrida is t=
he
sole member of Class Tullimonstrea (Phylum Promollusca, which also includ=
es 2
Classes of hyoliths, other fossil classes, and sipunculans might belong h=
ere
as well). Class Phoronidea contains Order Phoronida and probably the fos=
sil
Order Helicosyringida.
And since you forgot to mention it, there is also Pycnogonida which =
shows
up sometimes, but is unnecessary. I classified Order Pantopodida plus tw=
o
fossil orders in Class Pycnogonea (Phylum Arthropoda). What I have done =
is
just an extension of what others have started, and I finished the job sin=
ce I
was classifying all organisms anyway (fossil and living).
As for all the -iformes names you cited, they are all intermediate t=
axa,
which I refer to with informal names and show their relationships with co=
ding.
Luckily the ones you cited are all -sauriformes, so you know they are re=
ptile
taxa at the subclass or supraordinal level. Such -formes names also crop=
up
in a few other groups where the cladists started splitting taxa into supe=
rfine
pectinate series that are often found to have little hierarchical stabili=
ty
and many of the names have been (or will be) thrown on the garbage heap. =
=
There are too many formal taxa as it is, and I think phylocode is go=
ing
to open the floodgates of cladistic excess. You don't have to formally n=
ame
clades to discuss them, and I think I have found a way to cladistically n=
est
taxa without all the side-effects of pure cladism. Finishing the job of
standardization is just icing on the cake (but it's controversial, as it =
has
been for a very long time--- many ornithologists fought standardized endi=
ngs
like the world was coming to an end). Well the world kept on spinning, a=
nd
they are now the universally accepted ordinal names.
------Ken
*****************************************
David Marjanovic <david.marjanovic@gmx.at> wrote:
> I did not need to emend order names for plants (-ales has long bee=
n
the
> mandated suffix). The Treatise has emended invertebrate order names
to -ida,
> except for the volumes on insects. The majority of chordate orders (fi=
sh
and
> birds) were standardized with the -iformes suffix many decades ago. I
just
> finished up the job for insects, mammals & herps.
-ida does not end confusion, however. Catenulida is, according to what I'=
m
taught at the university, a class (of flatworms), and Echiurida,
Sipunculida, Gnathostomulida etc. are phyla (though I have rarely seen th=
em
with -a only) -- for a time I thought that -ida was meant to be a standar=
d
ending for phyla. Fossil clades like Halkieriida and Tullimonsterida
confirmed this view (see http://dinosauricon.com/taxa/animalia.html). Is
the -ida of Annelida an ending, or does it just look that way (like
Phoronida, which is derived from *Phoronis*)?
Same for -iformes. Archosauriformes, Lepidosauriformes, Dinosauriform=
es
and lots of others are nodes that have never been orders. Dinosauriformes=
is
even a member of Archosauriformes. =
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