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Date: Mon, 05 Feb 2001 22:25:36 +0100
From: David Marjanovic <David.Marjanovic@gmx.at>
To: PhyloCode@ouvaxa.cats.ohiou.edu
Subject: Another example
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Ornithurae has seen lots of different usages over time, all claiming to =
be the same. Sereno has defined it as Neornithes > Archaeopteryx, so it =
includes all other birds, including (under most hypotheses, not his) =
long-tailed alvarezsaurids, Avimimus and Yandangornis. Under my =
hypothesis*, it includes tyrannosauroids, ornithomimosaurs, troodontids, =
oviraptorosaurs and maybe segnosaurs as well -- these really don't have =
"bird tails". (Unfortunately, Sereno has also defined Archaeopteryx as =
A. lithographica > Neornithes, so under my hypothesis all dromaeosaurids =
are synonymous with it.)
Before Sereno named Euornithes (Neornithes > Sinornis), many =
workers used Ornithurae in this place. Enantiornithes, its sister taxon, =
have just as modern "bird tails", as have the more basal taxa =
Protopteryx, Jibeinia and Confuciusornithidae. (Confuciusornis + =
Neornithes) has in the meantime been named Pygostylia.
Others have used it for (Hesperornis + Neornithes), which is a =
part of above Euornithes.
The pygostyle, but not the great shortening of the tail, may be =
much older, as it occurs in one (only one) oviraptorosaur, Nomingia, and =
no tail ends of alvarezsaurids, Avimimus and Yandangornis are known.
I'd suggest an apomorphy-based definition which would at present have =
the same contents as Pygostylia -- or just drop it, because it has =
caused so much confusion and has been used as sister group of =
demonstrably para- or polyphyletic "Sauriurae".
*David Marjanovic: Is Archaeopteryx really a bird?, Dinosaur Society =
Quarterly 4(1) (Flight special issue), 15 -- 19 + 23
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<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Ornithurae has seen lots of different =
usages over=20
time, all claiming to be the same. Sereno has defined it as Neornithes =
>=20
<EM>Archaeopteryx</EM>, so it includes all other birds, including (under =
most=20
hypotheses, not his) long-tailed alvarezsaurids, <EM>Avimimus </EM>and=20
<EM>Yandangornis</EM>. Under my hypothesis*, it includes =
tyrannosauroids,=20
ornithomimosaurs, troodontids, oviraptorosaurs and maybe segnosaurs =
as well=20
-- these really don't have "bird tails". (Unfortunately, Sereno has also =
defined=20
<EM>Archaeopteryx</EM> as <EM>A. lithographica </EM>> Neornithes, so =
under my=20
hypothesis all dromaeosaurids are synonymous with it.)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2> Before=20
Sereno named Euornithes (Neornithes > <EM>Sinornis</EM>), many =
workers used=20
Ornithurae in this place. Enantiornithes, its sister taxon, have just as =
modern=20
"bird tails", as have the more basal taxa <EM>Protopteryx, Jibeinia =
</EM>and=20
Confuciusornithidae. (<EM>Confuciusornis</EM> + Neornithes) has in the =
meantime=20
been named Pygostylia.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2> =
Others have=20
used it for (<EM>Hesperornis</EM> + Neornithes), which is a part of =
above=20
Euornithes.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2> =
The=20
pygostyle, but not the great shortening of the tail, may be much older, =
as it=20
occurs in one (only one) oviraptorosaur, <EM>Nomingia</EM>, and no tail =
ends of=20
alvarezsaurids, <EM>Avimimus</EM> and <EM>Yandangornis</EM> are=20
known.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I'd suggest an apomorphy-based =
definition which=20
would at present have the same contents as Pygostylia -- or just drop =
it,=20
because it has caused so much confusion and has been used as sister =
group of=20
demonstrably para- or polyphyletic "Sauriurae".</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>*David Marjanovic: <STRONG>Is =
<EM>Archaeopteryx=20
</EM>really a bird?</STRONG>, Dinosaur Society Quarterly 4(1) (Flight =
special=20
issue), 15 -- 19 + 23</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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